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Richard III

  • 1 Richard III

    s.
    Ricardo III.

    Nuevo Diccionario Inglés-Español > Richard III

  • 2 Richard III is a chronicle play

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Richard III is a chronicle play

  • 3 Reynolds, Richard

    [br]
    b. 1 November 1735 Bristol, England
    d. 10 September 1816 Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England
    [br]
    English ironmaster who invented iron rails.
    [br]
    Reynolds was born into a Quaker family, his father being an iron merchant and a considerable customer for the products of the Darbys (see Abraham Darby) of Coalbrookdale in Shropshire. After education at a Quaker boarding school in Pickwick, Wiltshire, Reynolds was apprenticed to William Fry, a grocer of Bristol, from whom he would have learned business methods. The year before the expiry of his apprenticeship in 1757, Reynolds was being sent on business errands to Coalbrookdale. In that year he met and married Hannah Darby, the daughter of Abraham Darby II. At the same time, he acquired a half-share in the Ketley ironworks, established not long before, in 1755. There he supervised not only the furnaces at Ketley and Horsehay and the foundry, but also the extension of the railway, linking this site to Coalbrookdale itself.
    On the death of Abraham Darby II in 1763, Reynolds took charge of the whole works during the minority of Abraham Darby III. During this period, the most notable development was the introduction by the Cranage brothers of a new way of converting pig-iron to wrought iron, a process patented in 1766 that used coal in a reverberatory furnace. This, with other processes for the same purpose, remained in use until superseded by the puddling process patented by Henry Cort in 1783 and 1784. Reynolds's most important innovation was the introduction of cast-iron rails in 1767 on the railway around Coalbrookdale. A useful network had been in operation for some time with wooden rails, but these wore out quickly and were expensive to maintain. Reynolds's iron rails were an immediate improvement, and some 20 miles (32 km) were laid within a short time. In 1768 Abraham Darby III was able to assume control of the Coalbrookdale works, but Reynolds had been extending his own interest in other ironworks and various other concerns, earning himself considerable wealth. When Darby was oppressed with loan repayments, Reynolds bought the Manor of Madely, which made him Landlord of the Coalbrookdale Company; by 1780 he was virtually banker to the company.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.Raistrick, 1989, Dynasty of Iron Founders, 2nd edn, Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust (contains many details of Reynolds's life).
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Reynolds, Richard

  • 4 Arkwright, Sir Richard

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 23 December 1732 Preston, England
    d. 3 August 1792 Cromford, England
    [br]
    English inventor of a machine for spinning cotton.
    [br]
    Arkwright was the youngest of thirteen children and was apprenticed to a barber; when he was about 18, he followed this trade in Bol ton. In 1755 he married Patients Holt, who bore him a son before she died, and he remarried in 1761, to Margaret Biggins. He prospered until he took a public house as well as his barber shop and began to lose money. After this failure, he travelled around buying women's hair for wigs.
    In the late 1760s he began spinning experiments at Preston. It is not clear how much Arkwright copied earlier inventions or was helped by Thomas Highs and John Kay but in 1768 he left Preston for Nottingham, where, with John Smalley and David Thornley as partners, he took out his first patent. They set up a mill worked by a horse where machine-spun yarn was produced successfully. The essential part of this process lay in drawing out the cotton by rollers before it was twisted by a flyer and wound onto the bobbin. The partners' resources were not sufficient for developing their patent so Arkwright found new partners in Samuel Need and Jedediah Strutt, hosiers of Nottingham and Derby. Much experiment was necessary before they produced satisfactory yarn, and in 1771 a water-driven mill was built at Cromford, where the spinning process was perfected (hence the name "waterframe" was given to his spinning machine); some of this first yarn was used in the hosiery trade. Sales of all-cotton cloth were initially limited because of the high tax on calicoes, but the tax was lowered in 1774 by Act of Parliament, marking the beginning of the phenomenal growth of the cotton industry. In the evidence for this Act, Arkwright claimed that he had spent £12,000 on his machine. Once Arkwright had solved the problem of mechanical spinning, a bottleneck in the preliminary stages would have formed but for another patent taken out in 1775. This covered all preparatory processing, including some ideas not invented by Arkwright, with the result that it was disputed in 1783 and finally annulled in 1785. It contained the "crank and comb" for removing the cotton web off carding engines which was developed at Cromford and solved the difficulty in carding. By this patent, Arkwright had mechanized all the preparatory and spinning processes, and he began to establish water-powered cotton mills even as far away as Scotland. His success encouraged many others to copy him, so he had great difficulty in enforcing his patent Need died in 1781 and the partnership with Strutt ended soon after. Arkwright became very rich and financed other spinning ventures beyond his immediate control, such as that with Samuel Oldknow. It was estimated that 30,000 people were employed in 1785 in establishments using Arkwright's patents. In 1786 he received a knighthood for delivering an address of thanks when an attempt to assassinate George III failed, and the following year he became High Sheriff of Derbyshire. He purchased the manor of Cromford, where he died in 1792.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1786.
    Bibliography
    1769, British patent no. 931.
    1775, British patent no. 1,111.
    Further Reading
    R.S.Fitton, 1989, The Arkwrights, Spinners of Fortune, Manchester (a thorough scholarly work which is likely to remain unchallenged for many years).
    R.L.Hills, 1973, Richard Arkwright and Cotton Spinning, London (written for use in schools and concentrates on Arkwright's technical achievements).
    R.S.Fitton and A.P.Wadsworth, 1958, The Strutts and the Arkwrights, Manchester (concentrates on the work of Arkwright and Strutt).
    A.P.Wadsworth and J.de L.Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, Manchester (covers the period leading up to the Industrial Revolution).
    F.Nasmith, 1932, "Richard Arkwright", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 13 (looks at the actual spinning invention).
    R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (discusses the technical problems of Arkwright's invention).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Arkwright, Sir Richard

  • 5 Pryor, Richard

    (р. 1940) Прайор, Ричард
    Комедийный актер эстрады [ stand-up comedian] и кино. Снялся в фильмах: "Святой Моисей" ["Wholly Moses"] (1980), "Неугомонные" ["Stir Crazy"] (1980), "Игрушка" ["The Toy"] (1982), "Супермен-3" ["Superman III"] (1983), "Гарлемские ночи" ["Harlem Nights"] (1989) и др.

    English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Pryor, Richard

  • 6 Rodgers, Richard

    Роджерс, Ричард (1902—79), автор многочисленных мюзиклов и песен. Текст к ним писал Оскар Хаммерстайн [*Hammerstein II, Oscar]

    *‘Oklahoma!’ III («Оклахома», 1943)

    ‘Carousel’ («Карусель», 1956)

    *‘Sound of Music, The’ («Звуки музыки», 1959)

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > Rodgers, Richard

  • 7 third

    Ɵə:d
    1. noun
    1) (one of three equal parts.) tercio
    2) ((also adjective) the last of three (people, things etc); the next after the second.) tercero

    2. adverb
    (in the third position: John came first in the race, and I came third.) en tercera (posición), en tercer (lugar)
    - third-class
    - third degree
    - third party
    - third-rate
    - the Third World
    third num
    1. tercero
    2. tercio / tercera parte
    tr[ɵɜːd]
    1 tercero,-a
    1 (in series) tercero, en tercer lugar
    1 tercero,-a
    2 (fraction) tercio; (one part) tercera parte nombre femenino
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    third time lucky a la tercera va la vencida
    the third degree un interrogatorio
    third degree burn quemadura de tercer grado
    third gear SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL tercera
    third party tercero,-a
    third person SMALLLINGUISTICS/SMALL tercera persona
    the Third World el tercer mundo
    third world tercermundista Table 1SMALLNOTA/SMALL See also sixth/Table 1
    third ['ɵərd] or thirdly [-li] adv
    : en tercer lugar
    she came in third: llegó en tercer lugar
    third adj
    : tercero
    the third day: el tercer día
    1) : tercero m, -ra f (en una serie)
    2) : tercero m, tercera parte f
    adj.
    • tercero, -a adj.
    • tercio (Tercera parte) adj.
    n.
    • tercera s.f.
    • tercera parte s.f.
    • tercero, -era s.m.,f.
    • tercio s.m.
    • tres s.m.
    • tres en las fechas s.m.

    I θɜːrd, θɜːd
    adjective tercero [tercero becomes tercer when it precedes a masculine singular noun]

    II
    a) (in position, time, order) en tercer lugar

    the third highest mountain — la montaña que ocupa el tercer lugar en altura, la tercera montaña en altura; see also fifth II


    III
    1)
    a) ( Math) tercio m
    b) ( part) tercera parte f, tercio m
    c) ( Mus) tercera f
    2) third (gear) ( Auto) (no art) tercera f
    [θɜːd]
    1.
    ADJ tercero; (before m sing noun) tercer

    third time lucky! — ¡a la tercera va la vencida!

    2. N
    1) (in series) tercero(-a) m / f
    2) (=fraction) tercio m, tercera parte f
    3) (Mus) tercera f
    4) (Brit) (Univ) tercera clase f
    5) (Aut) tercera f velocidad, tercera f

    in third — en tercera; see fifth

    3.

    to finish third — (in race) llegar en tercer lugar

    4.
    CPD

    third degree N — see degree 1., 3)

    third-degree

    third estate N — estado m llano

    third form N — curso de secundaria para alumnos de entre 13 y 14 años

    third party N — tercero m, tercera persona f

    third party, fire and theft N — seguro m a terceros con robo e incendio

    third party insurance N — seguro m a terceros

    third person N — (Ling) tercera persona f

    third way N — (Pol) tercera vía f

    third-world
    * * *

    I [θɜːrd, θɜːd]
    adjective tercero [tercero becomes tercer when it precedes a masculine singular noun]

    II
    a) (in position, time, order) en tercer lugar

    the third highest mountain — la montaña que ocupa el tercer lugar en altura, la tercera montaña en altura; see also fifth II


    III
    1)
    a) ( Math) tercio m
    b) ( part) tercera parte f, tercio m
    c) ( Mus) tercera f
    2) third (gear) ( Auto) (no art) tercera f

    English-spanish dictionary > third

  • 8 Princes in the Tower

    [,prɪnsɪzɪnðə'tauə]
    при́нцы в Та́уэре (малолетний король Эдуард V [Edward V, 1470-83] и его младший брат Ричард, герцог Йоркский [Richard, Duke of York]; оба были убиты в лондонском Тауэре [ Tower of London] в 1483, предположительно, по приказу их дяди Ричарда III [Richard III, 1452-85])

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Princes in the Tower

  • 9 depict

    depict [dɪ'pɪkt]
    (a) (describe) dépeindre;
    ∎ Shakespeare depicts Richard III as cruel and calculating Shakespeare dépeint Richard III comme un homme cruel et calculateur
    (b) (paint, draw) représenter

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > depict

  • 10 a tower of strength

    надёжная опора; человек, на которого можно положиться как на каменную гору [шекспировское выражение; см. цитату]

    Norfolk: "Six or seven thousand is their utmost power." King Richard: "Why, our battalia trebles that account: Besides, the king's name is a tower or strentgth, Which they upon the adverse faction want... " (W. Shakespeare, ‘King Richard III’, act V, sc. 3) — Норфолк: "Их тысяч шесть, быть может, семь - не больше." Король Ричард: "Так, значит, мы его сильнее втрое; Да, имя короля - такая крепость, Какой им не видать..." (перевод А. Дружинина)

    ...an affectionate husband who is a tower of strength to her. (B. Shaw, ‘The Devil's Disciple’, act II) —...любящий муж, который является ее надежной опорой в жизни.

    ...she never falled in an emergency. The dressers, often inexperienced or nervous, found her a tower of strength. (W. S. Maugham, ‘Of Human Bondage’, ch. 95) —...эта женщина никогда не терялась в трудную минуту. Неопытные студенты, которым часто не хватало выдержки, могли положиться на нее как на каменную стену.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > a tower of strength

  • 11 another Richmond in the field

    ещё один неожиданный соперник [изменённое шекспировское выражение: см. цитату]

    King Richard: "...I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die; I think there be six Richmonds in the field; Five have I slain today instead of him. " (W. Shakespeare, ‘King Richard III’, act V, sc. 4) — Король Ричард: "...Я жизнь мою на карту ставлю, И я дождусь, чем кончится игра Шесть Ричмондов, должно быть, вышло в поле: Я пятерых убил, а не его!" (перевод А. Дружинина)

    ...Brian's hot Irish temper rose when he saw another Richmond in the field. (F. W. Hume quoted in EI) —...вспыльчивая ирландская натура Бриана дала себя знать, когда появился неожиданный соперник.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > another Richmond in the field

  • 12 be bought and sold

    быть преданным, быть обманутым, одураченным

    King Richard (Reads): "‘Jocky of Norfolk, be not too bold, For Dickon thy master is bought and sold.’ " (W. Shakespeare, ‘King Richard III’, act V, sc. 3) — Король Ричард (читает): "Ты боек, Джек Норфолк, но помни одно! - Хозяин твой куплен и продан давно!" (перевод А. Дружинина)

    The whole country was bought and sold by these actions of the government. — Правительство своими действиями продавало страну оптом и в розницу.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > be bought and sold

  • 13 chronicle play

    (театроведение) историческая пьеса, пьеса-хроника - Richard III is a * "Ричард III" относится к пьесам-хроникам (Шекспира)

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > chronicle play

  • 14 chronicle play

    [ʹkrɒnık(ə)l͵pleı] театр.
    историческая пьеса, пьеса-хроника

    Richard III is a chronicle play - «Ричард III» относится к пьесам-хроникам (Шекспира)

    НБАРС > chronicle play

  • 15 Battle of Bosworth

    [(,bætləv)'bɔzwə(ː)θ]
    би́тва при Бо́сворте (1485; решающее сражение между войсками Ричарда III [Richard III] Йорка [см. House of York] и Генриха Тюдора [см. Tudors]; закончилось поражением и гибелью Ричарда и провозглашением Генриха английским королём Генрихом VII)

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Battle of Bosworth

  • 16 Crouchback

    ['krautʃbæk]
    Горбу́н (прозвище короля Ричарда III [Richard III, 1452-85])

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Crouchback

  • 17 Heralds' College

    ['herəldz,kɔlɪdʒ]
    геральди́ческая пала́та (состоит из герольдмейстеров [см. king-of-arms] во главе с герольдмейстером ордена Подвязки [ Order of the Garter], а тж. герольдов [см. herald 1)] и "сопровождающих" [см. pursuivant]. Палата систематизирует гербы, устанавливает родословные и создаёт гербы для новопожалованных пэров [см. peer]. Герольдмейстеры и герольды торжественно провозглашают восшествие на престол нового монарха, а тж. принимают участие в церемонии открытия парламента [ Parliament] и вводе нового пэра в палату лордов [ House of Lords] и т.п. Палата учреждена в 1484 Ричардом III [Richard III])

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > Heralds' College

  • 18 House of York

    [,hausəv'jɔːk]
    дина́стия Йо́рков, дом Йо́рков (королевская династия, враждовавшая с династией Ланкастеров [ House of Lancaster] и сменившая её; её представители: Эдуард IV [Edward IV] - правил с 1461 по 1483, Эдуард V [Edward V] - правил в 1483, Ричард III [Richard III] - правил с 1483 по 1485; см. тж. Plantagenets, Wars of the Roses)

    English-Russian Great Britain dictionary (Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь) > House of York

  • 19 good faith

    1. n phr
    добросовестность, честность, честные намерения [этим. лат. bona fides]; см. тж. bad faith 2)

    The professors have no tenure and no security, save the kindness and good faith of those who hold the purse-strings... (U. Sinclair, ‘The Goose-Step’, ch. LXXIX) — Преподаватели в штат не входят, их положение неустойчиво и зависит от любезности и добрых намерений тех, на чьи деньги содержится учебное заведение.

    Colonel: "...no doubt Jimmy acted in good faith. He's honest enough, whatever else he may be." (J. Osborne, ‘Look Back in Anger’, act II, sc. II) — Полковник: "...несомненно, Джонни поступил честно. Каковы бы ни были его другие качества, в его честности сомневаться не приходится."

    When Mrs Underwood took charge there were changes... The medical practitioner was changed. I should say at once that we have nothing whatever against the competence, responsibility or good faith of any of the persons appointed. (C. P. Snow, ‘In Their Wisdom’, ch. 10) — Когда миссис Андервуд взяла на себя ведение дома, начались перемены... Был сменен и врач. Я должен сразу оговориться, что мы не подвергаем ни малейшему сомнению компетентность, правомочность или добросовестность тех, кто их заменил.

    2. int phr
    видит Бог, честное слово; клянусь честью!, ей-ей!, по чести говоря (тж. (by) my faith!, in faith!, i' faith!, upon my faith!)

    Duchess of York: "Good faith, good faith, the saying did not hold In him that did object the same to thee... " (W. Shakespeare, ‘King Richard III’, act II, sc. IV) — Герцогиня Йоркская: "Вот как, вот как! Но эта поговорка Не подошла к тому, кто говорил..."

    Sir Peter: "...But speak to me thus, and i' faith there's nothing I could refuse you." (R. Sheridan, ‘The School for Scandal’, act III, sc. I) — Сэр Питер: "...Но если ты будешь так со мной говорить, то, видит Бог, я не смогу тебе ни в чем отказать."

    ‘By my faith,’ said the Captain... ‘This is hardly fair, General...’ (W. Scott, ‘Redgauntlet’, ch. XXI) — - Клянусь честью, - сказал капитан... - Это не совсем справедливо, генерал...

    In faith, he is a fine lad. (RHD) — Он, действительно, чудный парень.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > good faith

  • 20 piping time of peace

    пора мирного веселья [шекспировское выражение; см. цитату]

    Gloucester: "Why I, in this weak piping time of peace, Have no delight to pass away the time, Unless to see my shadow in the sun, And descant on mine own deformity..." (W. Shakespeare, ‘King Richard III’, act I, sc. 1) — Глостер: "Да, в наш ничтожный век, под сенью мира, Я радости лишен. Что делать мне? Подглядывать за собственною тенью Да о своем уродстве размышлять?.." (перевод Б. Лейтина)

    When piping times of peace were broken, as often happened, by wars between England and other imperial powers, the losses of regular trade were more than offset by privateering at the expense of the French or Dutch or Spaniards. (Ch. Beard and M. Beard, ‘The Rise of American Civilization’, ch. III) — Когда веселую мирную пору нарушали войны между Англией и другими державами (а это происходило довольно часто), ущерб, нанесенный торговле, вполне компенсировало каперство за счет французов, голландцев и испанцев.

    Large English-Russian phrasebook > piping time of peace

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См. также в других словарях:

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  • Richard III. (England) — Richard III. von England Unterschrift von König Richard III …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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